Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH): Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Introduction

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) is a condition where a child’s hip joint does not form properly. As a result, the hip may be loose or even dislocated. Early detection of DDH is important because it can affect a child’s ability to walk and play. In fact, hip dysplasia in children is more common than many people think. Understanding the early signs of DDH helps families seek help quickly. This blog explains what DDH is, its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and tips for families.

What is DDH?

DDH stands for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip. It happens when the ball and socket of the hip joint do not fit together as they should. Sometimes, the hip is only slightly loose. Other times, the hip can slip out of place. Although DDH can affect one or both hips, it most often affects the left hip. Babies are usually checked for DDH soon after birth. However, some cases are found later as the child grows.

Common Symptoms and Signs

Recognizing the early signs of DDH can help with fast treatment. Not all children show clear symptoms, but parents should watch for:

One leg appearing shorter than the other

Uneven skin folds on the thighs or buttocks

Limited movement in one leg

Clicking or popping sounds in the hip

Walking with a limp or waddling gait (in older children)

Sometimes, these signs are hard to notice. Therefore, regular check-ups are important for early detection.

Causes and Risk Factors

DDH does not have a single cause. However, several factors can increase the risk:

Family history of hip problems

Being the first-born child

Female gender (girls are more often affected)

Breech position during pregnancy (baby is feet-first)

Low levels of amniotic fluid in the womb

Even though these risk factors exist, DDH can happen in any child. For this reason, all babies should be checked for hip health.

How DDH is Diagnosed

Doctors use several steps to diagnose DDH. First, they perform a physical exam. They gently move the baby’s legs to check for looseness or clicks. If they suspect DDH, they may order imaging tests. These include:

Ultrasound (best for babies under six months)

X-rays (used for older babies and children)

Early diagnosis is key. With early detection, treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip is more likely to succeed.

Treatment Options for DDH

Treatment for DDH depends on the child’s age and the severity of the problem. Options include:

Pavlik harness: A soft brace that holds the hips in place. It is often used for babies under six months.

Closed reduction: The doctor gently moves the hip into place while the child is asleep under anesthesia. A cast keeps the hip steady.

Open surgery: In rare cases, surgery is needed to fix the hip joint.

Most children recover well with early treatment. However, regular follow-up visits are needed to check hip growth.

Prevention and Early Detection

While DDH cannot always be prevented, early detection makes a big difference. Parents can help by:

Attending all well-baby check-ups

Watching for early signs of DDH

Using safe swaddling techniques (avoid wrapping legs too tightly)

Doctors may screen babies with risk factors more closely. Early action leads to better outcomes for children.

Lifestyle Tips and Support for Families

Living with DDH can be stressful for families. However, support and simple tips can help:

Follow your doctor’s advice for harness or cast care

Encourage gentle play and movement

Join support groups for families facing DDH

Ask questions during doctor visits

Remember, most children with DDH go on to lead active, healthy lives. With the right care, your child can thrive.

Conclusion

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) is a treatable condition when found early. If you notice any signs or have concerns, consult an orthopedic specialist. Early help gives your child the best chance for healthy hips and happy movement.